Assessing the Conductivity of Graphene Patterns Induced by 1064 nm Fiber Laser Marking on Glass
Abstract:
The integration of graphene with glass through laser marking techniques has opened new avenues for the development of smart glass surfaces with enhanced functionalities. This article explores the feasibility of using a 1064 nm fiber laser to create graphene patterns on glass and evaluates the conductivity of these composite patterns.
Introduction:
Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a two-dimensional lattice, is known for its exceptional electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. The ability to integrate graphene with glass substrates can lead to applications in sensors, energy storage, and transparent electronics. Laser marking machines offer a non-contact, precise method for inducing graphene patterns on glass surfaces. This study focuses on the use of a 1064 nm fiber laser to create graphene patterns on glass and assesses the resulting conductivity.
Materials and Methods:
Glass samples were prepared and cleaned to ensure a pristine surface for laser processing. A 1064 nm fiber laser marking machine was used to irradiate the glass samples with varying pulse energies, frequencies, and scan speeds to optimize the graphene induction process. The laser-induced graphene (LIG) patterns were characterized using Raman spectroscopy to confirm the formation of graphene. The conductivity of the LIG patterns was measured using a four-point probe method.
Results:
The Raman spectra of the laser-processed glass samples exhibited the characteristic G and 2D bands of graphene, confirming the successful induction of graphene patterns. The intensity of these bands increased with higher laser pulse energies, indicating a stronger graphene signature. The conductivity measurements revealed that the LIG patterns had a higher conductivity compared to the untreated glass, with the highest conductivity achieved at an optimal laser parameter set.
Discussion:
The results suggest that the 1064 nm fiber laser can effectively induce graphene patterns on glass surfaces. The conductivity of these patterns is influenced by the laser processing parameters, with higher pulse energies leading to more conductive patterns. This is attributed to the increased disruption of the glass matrix and the formation of a more continuous graphene network. The optimal laser parameters provide a balance between the formation of graphene and the preservation of the glass integrity.
Conclusion:
The study demonstrates that a 1064 nm fiber laser can be used to create conductive graphene patterns on glass surfaces. The conductivity of these patterns can be assessed and optimized by adjusting the laser marking parameters. This technique has potential applications in the development of smart glass surfaces with integrated electronic functionalities.
Keywords: Fiber Laser Marking, Graphene, Glass, Conductivity, Laser Induced Graphene, Smart Surfaces
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